CHAPTER 25

LIFE STYLES IN THE NEW INDUSTRIAL AGE 1860's-1890's

SECTION ONE:

CITIES GROW AND CHANGED UNDER THE IMPACT OF INDUSTRIALISM

Urbanization: transformation of rural areas into cities, and the movement of people from the countryside to cities.

In this new industrial age, wealth was concentrated into the hands of a few.

Many business leaders gave money to build and support churches, colleges, and libraries.

Andrew Carnegie: gave $60 million to help towns and cities est. free public libraries.

Leland Stanford and Cornelius Vanderbilt gave endowments to colleges.

WOMEN

Mary Baker Eddy: founded Christian Science Religion.

Mother Francis Xavier Cubrini: first American citizen to become a Saint in the Roman Catholic Church.

Clara Barton: Est. American Red Cross.

Mary Church Terrell: Black Women active in social welfare help organize National Ass. of Colored Women.

"National Woman Suffrage Association": Organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. [goal: women's suffrage amendment to the Constitution.]

"American Woman Suffrage Association": organized by Lucy Stone, Henry Blackwell, Mary Livermore, and Julia Ward Howe.

[goal: woman suffrage amendments to state constitutions.]

THE TWO MERGE AND BECOME: NATIONAL AMERICAN WOMAN SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATION.

Jane Addams: opened "Hull House" in slums of Chicago. She did all kinds of social work, pushed for child-labor laws, worked for world peace and received the Nobel Peace Prize.

Settlement house: was a center for education and recreation, usually located in a poverty area of a major city. {Hull House}

Salvation Army: religious group founded in England, provided food and shelter to many poverty-stricken urban citizens.

SECTION TWO: EDUCATION RESPONDS TO THE CHANGING PATTERNS OF AMERICAN LIFE

1870 7 million children enrolled in American schools

1900 14 million children were enrolled

The number of high schools multiplied 10 times

Col. Francis W. Parker: Education must prepare children to live in an expanding and complex world of science and industry.

John Dewey: stressed the idea "learning by doing" and making children physically sound, intellectually competent, and socially well-adjusted.

By 1900, educational programs included the natural sciences and "practical" subjects such as: bookkeeping, typing, shopwork, and home economics.

Colleges and universities added more scientific and practical subjects to their curriculum.

To meet individual needs, the elective system was introduced.

SECTION THREE: AMERICAN WRITING REFLECTS THE NEW INDUSTRIAL AGE

Between 1870-1900, The number of daily newspapers in the country increased from 600 to nearly 2,500.

Three big publishers were Charles A. Dana, Joseph Pulitzer, and William Randolph Hearst.

Best known publisher of this era was William Randolph Hearst. His success rested on his ability to hire gifted feature writers, able sports reporters, and popular comic artists.

(also got sensational news first)

Leading publishers adopted methods of other big business enterprises.

(Organized great newspaper chains)

Newspaper chains also subscribed to news-reporting services, or syndicates, such as the Associated Press {AP} and the United Press{UP}

Mass-circulated magazines Low-priced, popular magazines appear in mass-circulation (example: Ladies Home Journal)

Horatio Alger, Jr.: Wrote success stories about hard-working boy from humble beginnings who would rise to top.

SECTION FOUR: ARCHITECTURE AND OTHER FINE ARTS RESPOND TO A CHANGING SOCIETY

New trends in architecture

Louis H. Sullivan "form follows function"

Frank Lloyd Wright: one of the world's foremost architects. (Chicago 1893)

New building materials

steel, concrete, and plate glass

Painting and Sculpture

George Inness: Painted woodland scenes

Thomas Eakins: Realistic Portraits

Winslow Homer: Brilliantly painted, colored seascapes.

SECTION FIVE: NEW FORMS OF RECREATION ENRICH AMERICAN LIFE

P.T. Barnum's tent circus was called "The Greatest Show on Earth"

Chautauqua movement: educational movement

City dwellers became aware of the need for physical exercise and the building of gymnasiums, and the birth of baseball, basketball, and football followed.

Dewey: stressed the idea "learning by doing" and making